3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（内参）重组兔单抗
概述
Cancer > Cancer Metabolism > Metabolic signaling pathway > Metabolism of carbohydrates
Isotype/Loading Controls > Loading Controls > GAPDH
Metabolism > Pathways and Processes > Metabolic signaling pathways > Carbohydrate metabolism
Metabolism > Pathways and Processes > Metabolic signaling pathways > Energy transfer pathways > Energy Metabolism
Metabolism > Types of disease > Cancer
Metabolism > Types of disease > Neurodegenerative disease
Neuroscience > Neurology process > Neurodegenerative disease > Alzheimer's disease
Neuroscience > Neurology process > Neurodegenerative disease > Huntington's disease
GAPDH 作为管家基因在同种细胞或者组织中的蛋白质表达量一般是恒定的。在实验中，可能存在总蛋白浓度测定不准确；或者蛋白质样品在电泳前上样时产生的样品间的操作误差；这些误差需要通过测定每个样品中实际转到膜上的GAPDH的含量来进行校正，所以一般的western实验都需要进行内参设置。具体校正的方法就是将每个样品测得的目的蛋白含量与本样品的GAPDH含量相除，得到每个样品目的蛋白的相对含量。然后才进行样品与样品之间的比较。
甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）是糖酵解（glycolysis）过程中的关键酶。除了在胞质中作为糖酵解的酶以外，有证据表明哺乳动物细胞中的GAPDH参与了多种胞内生化过程，包括膜融合（membrane fusion）、微管成束（microtubule bundling）、磷酸转移酶（phosphotransferase）激活、核内RNA出核、DNA复制与DNA修复。一些生理因素，诸如低氧（hypoxia）和尿糖（diabetes），可以增加GAPDH在特定细胞中的表达。GAPDH存在于几乎所有的组织中，以高水平持续表达。
GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶）是参与糖酵解的一种关键酶，由4个30－40kDa的亚基组成.
Loading Control
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. As well as functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, recent evidence suggests that mammalian GAPDH is also involved in a great number of intracellular proceses such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication, and DNA repair. During the last decade a lot of data appeared concerning the role of GAPDH in different pathologies including prostate cancer progression, programmed neuronal cell death, age related neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. GAPDH is expressed in all cells. It is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels. There are however some physiological factors such as hypoxia and diabetes that increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types. GAPDH molecule is composed of four 36kDa subunits.
产品应用
| 应用 | 已检合格种属 | 预测种属 | 推荐稀释比例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| WB | Human, Mouse, Rat | Zebrafish, Monkey | 1:5000-500000 |
| IHC-P | Human, Mouse, Rat | Zebrafish, Monkey | 1:200-1000 |
| IHC-F | Human, Mouse, Rat | Zebrafish, Monkey | 1:200-1000 |
| IF | Human, Mouse, Rat | Zebrafish, Monkey | 1:200-1000 |
| Flow-Cyt | Human, Mouse | Rat, Zebrafish, Monkey | 1ug/Test |
| ICC/IF | Human, Mouse | Rat, Zebrafish, Monkey | 1:100-500 |
交叉反应
交叉反应: Human, Mouse, Rat (predicted: Zebrafish, Monkey)
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靶标
Homotetramer (PubMed:16239728, PubMed:16510976).
Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct (By similarity).
Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation (By similarity).
Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation (By similarity).
Interacts with CHP1; the interaction increases the binding of CHP1 with microtubules (By similarity).
Associates with microtubules (By similarity).
Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS1 (PubMed:11724794, PubMed:16501887, PubMed:15628863, PubMed:20644585).
Interacts with phosphorylated RPL13A; inhibited by oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox)) (PubMed:22771119).
Component of the GAIT complex (PubMed:15479637).
Interacts with FKBP6; leading to inhibit GAPDH catalytic activity (PubMed:19001379).
Interacts with TRAF2, promoting TRAF2 ubiquitination (PubMed:23332158).
Interacts with TRAF3, promoting TRAF3 ubiquitination (PubMed:27387501).
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Note=Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal. Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions.
#Acetylation
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively (PubMed:3170585, PubMed:11724794).
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate (PubMed:3170585, PubMed:11724794).
Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton (By similarity).
Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity).
Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes (PubMed:23071094).
Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation (PubMed:23071094).
Also plays a role in innate immunity by promoting TNF-induced NF-kappa-B activation and type I interferon production, via interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3, respectively (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501).
Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis (By similarity).
Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC (By similarity).
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