Influenza A virus is a major public health threat, killing more than 30,000 people per year in the USA. Novel influenza virus strains caused by genetic drift and viral recombination emerge periodically to which humans have little or no immunity, resulting in devastating pandemics. Influenza A can exist in a variety of animals; however it is in birds that all subtypes can be found. These subtypes are classified based on the combination of the virus coat glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. HA interacts with cell surface proteins containing oligosaccharides with terminal sialyl residues. Virus isolated from a human infected with the H5N1 strain in 1997 could bind to oligosaccharides from human as well as avian sources, indicating its species-jumping ability.
产品应用
应用
已检合格种属
预测种属
推荐稀释比例
ELISA
Reacts with Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Hemagglutinin
1:5000-10000
交叉反应
交叉反应: (predicted: Reacts with Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Hemagglutinin)
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靶标
基因名
HA
蛋白名
Hemagglutinin
亚基
Homotrimer of disulfide-linked HA1-HA2.
Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein (Potential). Host apical cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=Targeted to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial polarized cells through a signal present in the transmembrane domain. Associated with glycosphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched detergent-resistant lipid rafts.
亚细胞定位
Cell Membrane
翻译后修饰
In natural infection, inactive HA is matured into HA1 and HA2 outside the cell by one or more trypsin-like, arginine-specific endoprotease secreted by the bronchial epithelial cells. One identified protease that may be involved in this process is secreted in lungs by Clara cells (By similarity). Palmitoylated (By similarity).
相似性
Belongs to the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family.
功能
Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent athway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.