The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is preferentially expressed in immune cell rich tissues, such as spleen, lymph node, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes. Studies in mice and human indicate that this receptor mediates cellular response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA to mount an innate immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
基因名
TLR9
蛋白名
Toll-like receptor 9
亚基
Interacts with MYD88 via their respective TIR domains. Interacts with CNPY3. Interacts (via transmembrane domain) with UNC93B1. Interacts with BTK.
亚细胞定位
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome. Lysosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome. Note=Relocalizes from endoplasmic reticulum to endosome and lysosome upon stimulation with agonist.
组织特异性
Highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, tonsil and peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Levels are much lower in monocytes and CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in lung and liver.
相似性
Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family. Contains 26 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats. Contains 1 TIR domain.
功能
Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection.